After the Black Death in Europe, It Is Time for a New...

Late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century Europe are classified by a time of change and the start to new beginnings. The Black Death left all of Europe in shambles and in a state of extreme disorder. The population decreased dramatically and the economic, social and political state was extremely hindered. Through the reformation and renaissance Europe finally began to somewhat recover from this catastrophe. This time of change became a cultural movement all across Europe that began to reform and mend the problems that the people were dealing with. Social changes were made regarding the hierarchy in society. Political changes were made regarding the ruling of the city-states. And economic changes were made regarding available jobs†¦show more content†¦All these things seemed to be positive changes, but these were positive changes for the rich, the poor had a different experience during this time of change. Because of the shift in production and need for workers peasa nts were forced off their land and resorted to begging and wandering around asking for food or even resorting to theft. Crime became a very serious problem that many did not know how to deal with. In More’s novel Utopia there is a conversation between Hythloday and Cardinal Morton, chancellor to Henry VII, and in this conversation they argued about the â€Å"right† way to deal with the crime of theft. More believed that, â€Å"unless their crime was accompanied by violence, thieves, are neither imprisoned nor shackled but are employed, free and unconstrained, in doing public works† (More 38). Unlike the capital punishment practiced in England, More believed that thefts should taken as petty crimes and punished accordingly which is what he demonstrated in the Utopian society. This is just one instance where Utopia fixes a problem that is occurring in Europe. During the late fifteenth century and early sixteenth century many economic changes took place as w ell that had a major impact on Europe as a whole. To start, the population had dropped dramatically after the Black Death and as the renaissance developed the population increased greatly.Show MoreRelatedThe Black Death Of Europe1231 Words   |  5 Pagesfound regarding the history of the Black Death in Europe. It incorporates the beginning of the plague, the way that it spread, and the toll it took on Europe’s population. It answers questions concerning the context of my topic, the importance of subject at hand, as well as the affects it had on the society during and after this tragedy. Concluding this paper answers the final question of why people should know about this subject in the first place. The Black Death was single handedly one of the worstRead MoreThe Plague Of The Bubonic Plague975 Words   |  4 Pagesknown as the Black Death, was a severe outbreak of disease that spread in Europe in the 14th century from 1346-1353. The disease spread faster then originally expected of killing only twenty or thirty percent but killed 60 percent of Europe s population ( Benedictow). It is believed the population of Europe was around eighty million and that would add up to be fifty million deaths. It was a horrific death for one to experience and can still be found in the world today. The Black Death was a tragicRead MoreThe Black Plague Of Middle Ages1257 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Aged Europe was an expansive period of time and marked the beginning of the Renaissance. A period of time in which reformation of important social aspects such as religion, education, and the arts was active and advancing at a rapid rate. Significance of intellectual inquiry and the belief in the huma n mind helped shape many new philosophical ideas and theories that would be spoken about for hundreds of years. This increasingly advanced period of time was quickly halted around the middle ofRead MoreThe Black Death Pandemic967 Words   |  4 Pages The Black Death: A Murderous Pandemic that Led Life to How it is Today The Black Death, a horrible pandemic plague that spread through all of Europe, taking 25,000,000 people along with it. In 1347, a mysterious pandemic appeared in the city-states of Italy just as Europe was recovering from famine. The Epidemic did not end until 1351 partly due to the belief of the people that this plague was spread through the air and was gods way of punishing them for their sins. Although this plague killedRead MoreThe Dark Ages Of Europe1672 Words   |  7 PagesThe Dark Ages of Europe is one of the most known horrible times recorded in human history. When Rome finally crumbled it was a devastating time, it lead to the worst time period that Europe has ever seen; full of disease and poverty. It started in 410 A.D and ended in 1200 A.D. During this time people would rather die a horrible death than to actually live through this time. Terrifying Vikings tore through the continent along with cruel Knights. Barbarians ravaged through what was first the amazingRead More The Black Plague in Great Britain838 Words   |  3 PagesEra was a time of knights and castles, royals and peasants, plague and famine, war and death. In the 1300’s a devastating plague swept across of most of Europe and Asia. It killed millions of people. Upon reaching Britain it killed over one-third the population. The Black Death, in only a few years, had left a permanent mark on Britain, its economy, the feudalism system and its culture through the cause of the major population decline in the 14th century. The Black Plague or Black Death is believedRead MorePositive and Negative Results of The Black Plague847 Words   |  4 PagesThe Black Plague, perhaps one of the worst epidemics in history, swept its evil across Europe in the middle of the 14th century, killing an estimated 20 million people. This major population shift, along with other disasters occurring at the time, such as famine and an already existing economic recession, plunged Europe into a dark period of complete turmoil. Anarchy, psychological breakdowns, and the dissipation of church power were some of the results. As time passed, however, society managed toRead MoreThe Economic, Political, and Social Effects of the Black Death1268 Words   |  6 Pages1351 in Europe. This massive destruction of human life was known as the Black Death. This Black Death was an ecological disaster on a global scale. The effects of the plague on human and certain animal populations from East Asia to as far west as Greenland were catastro phic. All facets of society, from peasant to king were affected; no one was safe. All of society was affected; nothing would ever be the same. Thus, there were many economic, social, and political effects of the Black Death. BeforeRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesfalling down. The nursery rhyme refers to the Black Death, one of the worst plagues of all time (Schladweller). Known as infectious diseases that spread quickly and kill countless people, plagues have had a tremendous affect on people around the world since the beginning of time. The Black Death, also known as the bubonic plague, is a contagious bacterial infection that has killed millions of people. With the bubonic plague brutally killing one fourth of Europe in the 14th century and devastating ChinaRead MoreThe Black Plague : New York : The Free Pass 19831290 Words   |  6 Pages The Black Plague BY: Kevin Arellano World History,Per.7,Mrs.Sutherland April 24,2015 Works Cited 1.)Robert S. Gottfried. The Black Plague. New York :The Free Pass 1983 2.)The Black Death. AE .Television Networks.1979 3.)Don Nardo. The Black Death.Minneapoles.2011 4.)Sheri Johnson.The Medieval Plague.Minnesota 5.)Stephen Person. Bubonic Plague, The Black Plague. New York Introduction/Origin Do you know what The Black Plague was, it was a horrible disease that people

The Story Of The Movie Lucy - 827 Words

Lucy Heartfilia was getting off the train as she sees a huge crowd. Lucy is a Celestial Wizard. SHe summons spirits from another realm to help fight her battles. She walks towards the crowd and find a man that goes by the name Salamander. Salamander personally invited Lucy to a party on his yacht. Although, little did she know, she was being hypnotized by rings that were banned. The rings hypnotized girls. Since Lucy knew what the rings did, she couldn’t get hypnotized. A boy with pink hair rushed over and saved her. â€Å" Are you alright?† he asked. â€Å" Yes, but who are you?† Lucy asked. â€Å" I am Natsu, the dragon son.† Natsu replied. To thank him, Lucy asked Natsu if he wanted to have lunch. Natsu said yes and they headed off to a Cafe’. Natsu†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" I knew it. You weren’t the real salamander!† yelled Natsu. â€Å" You finally figured it out.† said the man. â€Å" Who are you then?!† yelled Natsu. â€Å" The names Bora,† he said. â€Å" I knew I recognized you!† said Natsu. They start to fight. â€Å" Natsu use dragon breath† yelled Natsu. A dragon appeared and went start towards Bora and threw him up into the air and slammed him onto the boat. Then, Natsu used his most powerful move. Fire wind. Suddenly, the boat started to move towards the shore and crashed on the beach, nearly hitting a woman, her husband, and child. Natsu came out of the boat without a single scratch. Everyone was surprised, even Bora and hi henchmen. Bora had been flown out of the boat and was laying on the sand. He was still conscious and was surprised that he hadn’t been killed. Suddenly, Natsu ate the fire and he was on fire, but not burning though. â€Å" Eating fire helps his magic become stronger.† said Happy. â€Å" YOU CAN TALK?!† yelled Lucy. â€Å" Yeah. I’m Happy and I like fish,† said Happy. Back at the fight, Natsu was kicking Bora’s butt. He took off his little jacket he was wearing and revealed a Fairy Tail symbol on his shoulder. â€Å" He’s part of Fairy Tail!! Let’s get out of here.† said Bora’s henchmen as the run off, carrying Bora. Although before they had a chance to run off, Natsu used his finishing move to finish both Bora and his henchmen. To finish them off, Natsu used Fire Dragon, which made a huge dragon breathing fire appear. Bora andShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of The Movie Lucy And I Were Up Front 991 Words   |  4 Pages Everything was going great on our way home our two week long mission. Lucy and I were up front, talking side by side about the new addition of Sorcerer Magazine while Natsu and Gray walked behind us. They were bickering once more about something that I didn t bother to pay any attention to. And Happy was most likely walking besides them. Happy wasn t to happy with me at the moment, as I had stepped on his tail by accident while trying to help out Natsu take down a monster. No matter how manyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 50 First Dates Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesDates† is a romantic comedy movie starring Adam Sandler (Henry Roth) as a veterinary surgeon, Drew Barrymore (Lucy Whitmore), who is amnesiac, and Rob Schneider. In this movie, Lucy is depicted to have a syndrome called amnesic syndrome. The movie starts in Oahu, in Hawaii at the Sea Life Park Island where Henry Roth has a reputation of seducing female tourists who visits the Island. Henry shows no interest in committing himself into a serious relationship. The story takes a turn when Henry’sRead MoreViolence in Dracula1277 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same impact if it were lacking violence. So to holds true to that of the movie. The movie bares different characteristics then that of the book. First off, the whole ordeal with the wolf escaping and jumping into Lucy s, room and Lucy s mom having a heart attacked is never even mention in the movie. Second, The night when the four men go to Lucy s grave and find it empty is stated both in the book and in the movie however what unfolds after this is different. Finally, the end of the book differsRead MoreIron Jawed Angels By Katja Von Garnier1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmany others in 1890. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, two of the younger women suffragists, join the NAWSA (the National American Woman Suffrage Association) to try to push for the constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage. Carrie Catt and Anna Shaw allow Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to take over the Washington D.C. NAWSA committee, but Alice and Lucy would have to raise their own funds for the committee. When Alice and Lucy first get to Washington D.C., Alice and Lucy go around recruiting a team of volunteersRead MoreChronicles of Narnia1005 Words   |  5 PagesChronicles of Narnia The Chronicles of Narnia research paper The Chronicle of Narnia is a very interesting book, it has a classic Good vs. Evil plot. In this story four brave children a saved land. The book and the movie did not have many differences except for some that were small. To begin the plot of the book, the story takes place during the Second World War in London. Their father was gone in the war and they were living with their mother, there city was getting bombed so they were forced toRead MoreI Am Sam s Mental Retardation999 Words   |  4 Pages I was personally very moved by the entire story. I learned a lot about how these kinds of cases usually pan out for those that are mentally disabled. I had not ever thought of a story like this, but now that I was opened to these kinds of issues in the lives of people with mental disabilities, I am glad that I watched this movie and gain some insight. Sam faced several psychological issues in this story. Out of all the psychological issues this movie portrays Sam to have, his mental retardationRead MoreThe Theme of Emotions versus Control in Sense and Sensibility the Movie542 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Emotions versus Control in Sense and Sensibility the Movie In the movie Sense and Sensibility, Jane Austen illuminated the repeated theme of emotions versus control through the actions of her two characters, Marianne, who was very sensuous and Elinor, who was very sensible. Their actions showed how Marianne was in touch with her senses and fully experienced her emotions and how Elinor seemed to possess good practical judgment and thought more about her actions and consequences thoroughlyRead MoreI am Sam Disability1394 Words   |  6 Pagesthe movie I am Sam to challenge my own opinion on how people with disabilities should be treated under certain circumstances. I am Sam is a movie about a mentally challenged man, named Sam, striving to raise his daughter, Lucy, alone. Diagnosed with Autism, Sam’s intellectual capacity cannot exceed the age of 7. As we watch Lucy grow up under Sam’s roof, we are able to see the love they have for each other. When Lucy reaches the age of 8, social workers see this as an issue, so they place Lucy inRead MoreAnalysis Of I Am Sam848 Words   |  4 PagesThe movie, I Am Sam is about a single father who has a developmental disability and who has an IQ of a seven-year-old who wants and tries to take care of his baby daughter. He had his daughter, Lucy with a homeless woman and she left Sam just after she had her. There are some complications and then he loses her through court because people convince him he could not give her the love she deserved. The article online and the movie were the same. In many people’s opinion, books are better than the moviesRead MoreAnalysis of the Film Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion Witch and Wardrobe Directed by Andrew Adamson508 Words   |  3 PagesDirector Andrew Adamson’s intriguing film â€Å"Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion Witch and Wardrobe†, is based on C.S. Lewis’s novel. The film tells the story of four children who are evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War bombing of London and find a m agical wardrobe that leads to another world which has been cursed to eternal winter by the evil White Witch Jadis. Forgiveness is a suggested theme throughout the film. There are many examples in the film that show the siblings have to go

Market Analysis Food and Beverage Industry Singapore

Question: Conduct a comprehensive Market Analysis for "FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRY" in SINGAPORE. There are few areas that need to be discussed in this report: 1. Market Size (current and future) 2. Market Trend 3. Market Growth Rate 4. Market Profitability 5. Industry Cost Structure 6. Distribution Channel 7. Key Success Factors Answer: Introduction The food and beverages industry is growing steadily in Singapore the growth rate for the different types of establishments are steady but not overwhelmingly fast. So, there is market opportunity for the new entrants but the market is already almost saturated and the relation of the different types of establishments like the restaurants, fast food chains, caterers and other utilities. Market analysis Market size The market size is substantial and growing steadily and it can be seen in the number of establishments that is growing at the rate of approximately 1% over the years. It can be proven by the supporting data from the key indicators of food and beverages industry in Singapore 2013 (Wirtz and Chung, 2015). So it can be said that the industry will continue to grow at a steady rate and the new entrants will have a small window opportunity to enter the market in future. Market growth rate The means of predicting market growth is the method of analysing historical data to predict the growth but is not accurate. The better method of doing the same is the prediction of the driving forces behind the changes like changing income levels or changing demographics. In this case in Singapore the growth rate is small but steady (Henderson, 2015). So, the future for any new business is totally dependent on the performance of the establishment and their market strategy. Market trends The market in the food and beverages industry is indicative of the trend of low number of new entrants and it is also indicative of the performance of the current establishments. Market profitability This is the indicator of the profitability of the market and the although the different establishments have different rates of profit based on the different factors like market strategy and sector the average profitability works to indicate the fact that how hard it is to make money in the sector so the market profitability is one of the main points that is to be analysed by the new entrants to see if the business in the sector will be adequately profitable or not (Khusaini, Ismail and Rashid, 2016). Industry cost structure Industry cost structure is the indicator of the cost of operating in the market in the sector and it can also be used to see where the management can cut costs by adapting new methods of operation and manage costs to generate competitive advantage over the competitors. So, it is important to determine where the value is added in the business and how that affects the performance to increase customer satisfaction and generate customer loyalty. The industry cost structure is one of the most important indicators to determine if the business can triumph over the others or not. Distribution channels In the industry the existing channels are operating efficiently and the room for new channels is very small. So, if there is a definite advantage over the old channel only then a new channel can make its place and the low equity products can afford the bargaining power of the businesses over the manufacturers in the industry. Key success factors The key success factors of the business are technological advanced processes, the better access to resources, unique materials and products; so the businesses need to have definite advantage over the others to become successful (Baker and Friel, 2015). Conclusion It is clear from the analysis that the market entry is not very easy but to find any advantage over the existing business in the sector is even harder, so an entrepreneur has to judge correctly the opportunities and threats to make a business successful. Referances Baker, P. and Friel, S., 2015. Transnational Food and Beverage Corporations, Food Systems Transformations and the Nutrition Transition in Asia. RegNet Research Paper, (2015/61). Henderson, J.C., 2015. Halal food, certification and halal tourism: Insights from Malaysia and Singapore. Tourism Management Perspectives. Khusaini, N.S., Ismail, A. and Rashid, A.A., 2016, February. Investigation of the prominent barriers to lean manufacturing implementation in Malaysian food and beverages industry using Rasch Model. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 114, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing. Wirtz, J. and Chung, L.M., 2015. Singapore: Macro Trends and their Implications for Consumer Marketing. In Proceedings of the 1997 World Marketing Congress (pp. 441-443). Springer International Publishing.

Plato’s Epistemology and Metaphysics an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Plato’s Epistemology and Metaphysics The philosophical investigation of human knowledge and science were the fore front of Grecian philosophers Plato and Aristotle. Plato's ideal of human knowledge is we are born with knowledge, but have to investigate through our lifetime in order to remember. Interestingly, Plato also found that forms are real, but the material objects around us are not through his scientific studies. Although Aristotle completed some studies with Plato, his views on the nature of change and his concept of the physical universe differ. Need essay sample on "Platos Epistemology and Metaphysics" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Plato's Epistemology Plato's epistemology thought contained that we could only have genuine knowledge of things that are perfect and unchanging. We can have knowledge about the forms, but not about material objects. We can have only beliefs or opinions about the material world. Part of Plato's belief dealt with the soul. The Platonic school of thought set forth that before we are born our souls live in a realm of forms and have complete knowledge of the forms. When we are born, we still have this knowledge but we do not realize it. We can recollect this knowledge only with difficulty. This leads to the Socratic method of teaching which consists in asking the right questions so that the student recovers his or her knowledge of the forms as illustrated in the Meno. From the Meno, "Socrates: And if the truth about reality is always in our soul, the soul must be immortal, and one must take courage and try to discover that is to recollect what one doesn't happen to know, or more correctly remember, at the moment"(Jowett). Socrates feels this demonstration gives us hope that we can find knowledge through the Socratic method and that the Eristic Dilemma, or puzzle of knowledge, is mistaken because knowledge goes through stages rather than being only two options; there is more to it than either knowing or not knowing University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm not in the mood to write my essay online. I want to spend time with my girlfriendProfessional writers recommend:Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With UsBuy College Papers Online Affordable Papers Review Cheap Writing Service Reviews Cheap Reliable Essay Writing Service Plato's Metaphysics Plato's principal work touching on scientific questions, the Timaeus, bluntly states the world, "in very truth is a living creature with soul and reason."(Jowett). To this viewpoint Plato accords an unconditional primacy even in matters of detail. Thus when he discusses the working of the human eye, he deplores the fact that "the great mass of mankind regards the sole causes of all things. " Against this he opposes the classification of causes into two groups: the accessory or mechanical causes that are "incapable of any plan or intelligence for any purpose," and those that "work with intelligence to produce what is good and desirable."(Jowett). A great observation of Plato's theory in science was the metaphysical study of forms. Plato's theory of form was intended to answer the following 3 questions: Why do objects have the properties they do? How should objects be classified? What makes an object good of its kind? The answers Plato proposed were based on his theory of forms. Platos theory was a form is an ideal object. Forms are perfect, eternal, and unchanging. There is a form for each property or characteristic an object could have. There are also forms for abstract objects and concepts; for example numbers. Forms are real, but the material objects around us are not. This lead to the following answers to Plato's questions: An object has a characteristic because it participates in the form for that characteristic; for example, an object is round because it participates in the form of roundness. Objects belong together in a category when they participate in the same form; for example, all round things belong together because they all participate in the form of roundness. An object is better of its type because it participates in a relevant form to a greater extent; for example, an object is more round than other things because it participates in the form of roundness to a greater degree. Aristotle's Concept of Change Change is a fact that all observe. While Plato wanted to go beyond the world of change to the unchangeable ideas, Aristotle studied change itself. Change has a pattern that we can understand. There are four causes of motion or change. First is the material cause the matter out of which something is produced. Second is the efficient cause or the active, producing cause. For example, Aristotle used the illustration of parents who produce children where the seed is the material cause. Third is the formal cause, or the technique or way of doing something. The fourth is the final cause. In other words the goal or purpose intended. For Aristotle, everything in nature had an end or purpose. There is a goal toward which everything is moving; for example, a kitten to become a cat, or an acorn to become an oak. The final cause is the cause of causality in the other causes. As with human beings, nothing in nature is done without a purpose. For Aristotle purpose was immanent, not transcendent. An example given by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is the four causes seen in the work of a sculptor: the marble on which he works is the material cause; the sculptor himself is the efficient cause; the pattern for the statue is the formal cause; and the purpose for which the work is undertaken is the final cause Aristotle comes close to Plato when he considers the underlying factor responsible for the movement of all things. This factor is their form, or eidos, which is the mover. Everything has in itself a power. Only in the act it's self is the thing perfect. The goal toward which the activity moves is the complete rarity of that thing. The perfection of things is immanent in them, and they move toward actuality. Aristotle's Concept of Motion on the Universe According to Science World Aristotle held that the universe was divided into two parts, the terrestrial region and the celestial region. In the realm of earth, all bodies were made out of combinations of four substances, earth, fire, air, and water. Heavy material bodies like rocks and iron consisted mostly of earth with small parts of the other elements. Less dense objects were thought to contain a larger mixture of the other elements along with earth. For instance, humans consisted of a complex mixture of all the elements: earth, which gave material strength and weight; fire, which provided warmth; water, which accounted for blood and other bodily fluids; and air, which filled the lungs and provided the breath of life. Aristotle's theory holds that the sun, planets, and stars were made of quintessence, a pure, perfect substance, quite unlike the elements found on Earth. The Moon, marking the boundary between the sublunary earthly region and the superlunary heavenly region, was mostly quintessence, but because of its proximity to Earth it was contaminated with a small mixture of earthly elements, which accounted for the visible imperfections on its surface. Science World establishes the fundamental assumption in Aristotelian physics was that the natural state of sublunary matter is rest. Earth, air, and water must seek their natural place at rest in the center of Earth unless stopped by an impenetrable surface like the ground or a table. The natural place of rest of the element fire is somewhere above us, but well below the Moon. The air we see around us is a mixture of the elements air and fire, so its behavior is complicated by the competition between the tendency for fire to rise and air to fall. Aristotle's model provided a simple, compelling explanation for falling rocks, rising flames, and the circulation of the air. However, it was less successful in explaining "violent motion" such as when an object is hurled from a catapult. To see why this would be a problem for the Aristotelian worldview, imagine the following experiment as defined by The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Find a cat, and put it from a siege machine. You would observe that the cat continues to travel through the air (before landing safely on its feet) even after it was no longer being pushed by the arm of the machine. If the natural state of motion of the cat is rest on Earth, why didn't the cat drop to the ground immediately on leaving the pult? (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Here, Aristotelian physics had to say that this kind of motion is different because it is "violent," and had to invent some mechanism to keep the cat in the air during violent motion. All of the mechanisms fall under the technical description "hand waving." One of the most popular explanations was that the air in front of the cat became disturbed by the movement of the cat and swirled behind the cat and pushed it along. Thus, in Aristotelian dynamics, there was a distinction between "natural" downward motions. For example, a rock falling to the ground when dropped and unnatural violent motion not directed toward the center of earth, such as that resulting from a catapult. In concluding, to review the variances in Plato and Aristotle's designated schools of thought one may find the following: Plato was a man of reasoning, due to he believed we had knowledge before birth, but through question in life remembered the knowledge we were born with. Plato and Aristotle differed in their ideas of change due to Plato believed that for were unchanging and Aristotle's view was a form changed to meet its end purpose. For Aristotle the motion of the universe was a contrast to earthly motions. In the superlunary regions of the heavens the natural state of motion was circular, because circles were considered to be the perfect geometric figure. Thus the planets would travel forever in circular orbits without the intervention of any force. Works Cited Jowett, Benjamin. "Meno". The Internet Classics Archive. 2007. 2007, June 4. Jowett, Benjamin. "Timaeus". The Internet Classics Archive. 2007. 2007, June 4. Science World. "Classic Metaphysics". Science World. 2007. 2007, June 3. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. "Plato's Timaeus". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 2007. 2007, June 3.

Controversy of Cloning and DNA essays

Controversy of Cloning and DNA essays I am writing in reference to the possible upcoming technology of cloning humans and altering DNA tissue makeup of the unborn child. This issue will come before Congress for approval or disapproval in the near future. This technology would allow scientists to alter the tissue of a future infant in regards to physical characteristics such as height, appearance, intelligence, and birth defects. It is disturbing to think that such alteration of DNA could be allowed to pass through Congress as a bill. Cloning and DNA tissue alteration, though there may seem to be positive and worldly aspects, is, in my opinion morally wrong and corrupt according to Gods word, the Bible. As a Christian young man, I believe in the Bible as truth. The Bible states in Genesis 1:27, So God created humankind in his image, in the image of God he created them; male and female he created them. Gods creation can be found in Genesis 5:24. When God created humankind, he made them in the likeness of God. Male and female created he them. Psalms 139:13 states, For it was you who formed my inmost parts; you knit me in my mothers womb. In the eyes of a Christian believing that Gods word is the truth, it would be difficult to understand how DNA altering and cloning could be done. This would be attempting to place scientists in comparison with God who is the supreme creator. To try to alter his handiwork of the human being would be morally wrong. God created man in his image and man was perfect until he sinned in this world. Setting aside Biblical beliefs, lets look at potential problems in the environment if cloning and DNA alteration were to become a reality. Man has been attempting for ages to remake the earth. Cross breeding trial and error has been experimental with for years. New technologies have allowed scientists to manipulate the world at the genetic, as ...

What Is the Jet Stream and How It Affects Our Weather

What Is the Jet Stream and How It Affects Our Weather Youve probably heard the words jet stream many times while watching weather forecasts on TV. Thats because the jet stream and its location is key to forecasting where weather systems will travel. Without it, there would be nothing to help steer our daily weather from location to location. Rivers of Rapidly Moving Air Named for their similarity to fast moving jets of water, jet streams are bands of strong winds in the upper levels of the atmosphere. Jet streams form at the boundaries of contrasting air masses. When warm and cold air meet, the difference in their air pressures as a result of their temperature differences (recall that warm air is less dense, and cold air, more dense) causes air to flow from higher pressure (the warm air mass) to lower pressure (the cold air mass), thereby creating high winds. Because the differences in temperature, and therefore, pressure, are very large, so too is the strength of the resulting winds. Jet Stream Location, Speed,Direction Jet streams live at the tropopause (about 6 to 9 miles off  the ground) and are several thousand miles long. Jet stream winds range in speed from 120 to 250 mph, but can reach more than 275 mph. Oftentimes, the jet houses pockets of winds that move faster than the surrounding jet stream winds. These jet streaks play an important role in precipitation and storm formation. (If a jet streak is visually divided into fourths, like a pie, its left front and right rear quadrants are the most favorable for precipitation and storm development. If a weak  low pressure area  passes through either of these locations, it will quickly strengthen into a dangerous storm.) Jet  winds blow from west to east, but also meander north to south in a wave-shaped pattern. These waves and large ripples (known as planetary, or Rossby waves) form U-shaped troughs of low pressure that allow cold air to spill southwards, and upside-down U-shaped ridges of high pressure that bring warm air northwards.  Ã‚   Discovered by Weather Balloons One of the first names associated with the jet stream is Wasaburo Oishi. A Japanese meteorologist, Oishi discovered the jet stream in the 1920s while using weather balloons to track upper level winds near Mount Fuji. However, his work went unnoticed outside of Japan. In 1933, knowledge of the jet stream increased when American aviator Wiley Post began exploring long-distance, high-altitude flight. Despite these discoveries, the term jet stream was not coined until 1939 by German meteorologist Heinrich Seilkopf. Meet the Polar and Subtropical Jets While we typically talk about the jet stream as if there was only one, there are actually two: a polar jet stream and a subtropical jet stream. The Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere each have both a polar and a subtropical branch of the jet. The Polar Jet:  In North America, the polar jet is more commonly known as the jet or the mid-latitude jet (so-called because it occurs over the mid-latitudes).The Subtropical Jet:  The subtropical jet is named for its existence at 30 °N and 30 °S latitude- a climate zone known as the subtropics. It forms at the boundary temperature difference between air at mid-latitudes and warmer air near the equator. Unlike the polar jet, the subtropical jet is only present in the wintertime- the only time of year when temperature contrasts in the subtropics are strong enough to form jet winds. The subtropical jet is generally weaker than the polar jet. It is most pronounced over the western Pacific. Jet Position Changes With the Seasons Jet streams change position, location, and strength depending on the season. In the winter, areas in the Northern Hemisphere may get colder than normal periods as the jet stream dips lower bringing cold air in from the polar regions. Although the height of the jet stream is typically 20,000 feet or more, the influences on weather patterns can be substantial as well. High wind speeds can drive and direct storms creating devastating droughts and floods. A shift in the jet stream is a suspect in the causes of the Dust Bowl. In spring, the polar jet starts to journey north from its winter position along the lower third of the U.S., back to its permanent home at 50-60 °N latitude (over Canada). As the jet gradually lifts northward, highs and lows are steered along its path and across the regions where its currently positioned. Why does the jet stream move? Well, jet streams follow the Sun, Earths primary source of heat energy. Recall that in spring in the Northern Hemisphere, the Suns vertical rays go from striking the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 ° south latitude) to striking more northerly latitudes (until it reaches the Tropic of Cancer, 23.5 ° north latitude, on the summer solstice). As these northerly latitudes warm, the jet stream, which occurs near boundaries of cold and warm air masses, must also shift northward to remain at the opposing edge of warm and cool air. Locating Jets on Weather Maps On surface maps: Many news and media that broadcast weather forecasts show the jet stream as a moving band of arrows across the U.S., but  the jet stream isnt a standard feature of surface analysis maps. Heres an easy way to eyeball the jet position: since it steers high and low pressure systems, simply note where these are located and draw a continuous curved line in-between them, taking care to arch your line over highs and underneath lows. On upper level maps: The jet stream lives at heights of 30,000 to 40,000 feet above Earths surface. At these altitudes, atmospheric pressure equals around 200 to 300 mb; this is why the 200 and 300 mb level upper air charts are typically used for jet stream forecasting. When looking at other upper level maps, the jet position can be guessed by noting where pressure or wind contours are spaced close together.

Is Present-Day English a creole Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Is Present-Day English a creole - Research Paper Example The developments in the English language that witnessed the advancement of the period had been found in the Middle English realized in the four centuries between 11th and 16th century. The argument in the advancement of the English language had been placed that the entity developed from the manipulation of pidgin. The argument had been placed that the language had witnessed manipulation and inclusion of creolisation to realize the changes in the language. The progression had been witnessed in the language as it transformed from the Old English to Middle English. These terms had been applied to suggest the advancements that had existed in the language and the definitions accorded, as various events brought transformation witnessed and inclusion of Creole effect on English. The result saw the inclusion of variable verbs and sentence structure that had resembled the influence from a foreign entity that had prompted the suggestion of Creole. To articulate the steps that had been involved in the transformation, there needs to be an analysis of the changes that were realized in the Old English system as it advanced to Middle English. The argument is placed to link Creole to English and the connection shared in the history of the English language. ... The changes that had been introduced in the English language had been more prominent during the Middle Ages. The resemblance of Old English of the AD 1000 period had resembled the ancient Germanic languages. Furthermore, the language had been noted to fail to meet the intelligent expectation of the speakers as compared to the Middle English established during AD 1400. The transformation within the language had been advanced in varied measures that had been developed in colonization by both Scandinavian group and Normans. The presentation would lead to the inclusion of the effects of the Anglo-Norman within the spoken English vocabulary as presented in the modern society. The Scandinavians, on the other hand, contributed to the witnessed simplicity of the vocabulary in the language that had been profoundly influenced by the Anglo-Norman origin. These changes had been on a limited platform and failed to spread to South West England that saw advancement of Old English into a recognized literal language. The Normans had invaded in 1066, a development that saw the enhancement of the literal English from the influence in London. The leading societal institutions adopted the trend to include the technical aspect in the language that had been influenced tremendously by the Old Norman system. The Renaissance adopted the provision to develop the language based on the desire to incorporate aspects within the development as had been with the other leading languages. The development saw advancement of the English vocabulary that had relied on other languages to achieve the noticed developments. This had been witnessed in the inclusion of Norman and French to present the platform and source to derive foreign vocabulary. Proto-English The group recognized as the

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Discussion Questions - Essay Example The other ways of engaging stakeholders is by using evaluation recommendations and organization. Among the seven stakeholder analysis and identification techniques, the most valuable technique involves developing facilitation skills. According to Wholey, Hatry and Newcomer (2010), evaluators need the facilitation skills because they are helpful when it comes to building relationships and managing conflicts among other activities. Developing facilitation skills such as people skills, social skills and technical skills is the most effective way of deal with all work. To improve or develop these skills, evaluators have to keep practicing and look for opportunities and wait for feedback. Engaging with other experienced evaluators is also helpful. Evaluators who work on perfecting these skills are more advantaged than evaluators who do not have the formal feedback when involved. Stakeholders can use the power direction versus the interest grid to determine their influence on each other. Stakeholders understand how influence adds depth to power versus interest grid in different ways. One, the stakeholders are in a better position, to identify the actors that are the key to promoting a smooth evaluation process. In addition, stakeholders gain the power to know where there are existing channels of influence or where such channels need get created. Using the power direction versus the interest grid also clarifies where to get coalition support to promote a smooth evaluation process or formation of findings. The completed power versus interest grid is later used to complete the bases of power-direction of interest diagram. The diagram is used by each stakeholder to indicate the source of power that is available to them. The diagram is also effective in showing the stakeholders their interests which they seek to achieve. According to Wholey, Hatry and Newcomer (2010), power may come from a person’s access or control over different resources. In context to

Education Vision Essay Example for Free

Education Vision Essay I believe that all students should be held to the same standards of education. While there should always be accommodations for an individual students strengths, weaknesses and learning style, there should also be a universal set of criteria by which a students progress is measured. While those standards may sometimes seem exacting to the students expected to meet them, they are far less demanding than what is required of todays workers in an economy where competition has become global. An innovative and creative spirit has become in the last twenty years something that is generally expected of everyone rather than something only expected of the exceptional, a solid foundation in the basic elements of education, math and reading have become ever-more vital to succeeding in the modern world. Where education is concerned, I have found that creativity and innovation can oftentimes be fostered by the experience of overcoming challenges and, thereby, attaining a justified belief in ones own abilities. A student who is taught to take pride in their work and, especially, to take pride is turning a failure into a success is someone likely to succeed in a world where competition is fierce and belief in ones self is the most advantageous thing. Where the application of standards are concerned, I believe that any leader in an educational setting must be held to high standards just as are the students. By holding myself accountable to the highest standards, I gain the legitimacy to expect the same of my students and the ability to inspire them to do more than they may have thought possible. The position of a leader is one that is at least partially earned by gaining credibility in the eyes of those whom I am charged to lead. This can best be accomplished by setting an example; by continually challenging myself with new ideas and new situations while at the same time having the conviction to stand by those practices that have proven effective over time. Having worked as a teacher and a teachers assistant in various settings for the past five years, I have learned that both students and educators must never loose touch with their essential humanity and that empathy must always accompany high expectations. When a student knows that their teachers understand the hardships they face but still expect them to perform at a level of excellence, the student can be assured that they are not being driven unreasonably but are only expected to perform at the level their teachers know that student can achieve. Where sympathy and lowered expectations are really forms of condescension, empathy and high expectations communicate to a student that their instructor has not only high hopes for their student, but also a sincere and justified respect for their students potential. I have always felt a visceral connection and genuine responsibility for the successes and failures of my students. I hope to always be there to help my students experience the satisfaction of success and of overcoming failure.

Eating Disorders Essay -- Food Health Anorexia Research Papers

Researchers study eating disorders to try to understand their many complexities. â€Å"Eating disorders are complicated psychiatric illnesses in which food is used to deal with unsettling emotions and difficult life issues† (Michel & Willard, 2003, p. 2). To help those with eating disorders, one must understand the causes, effects and treatments associated with the disorders. Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Compulsive Overeating are three common eating disorders found in society today. â€Å"No one knows exactly what causes eating disorders. However, all socioeconomic, ethnic and cultural groups are at risk† (Matthews, 2001, p.3). Eating disorders are difficult to diagnose but can be deadly if left untreated. Background The Alliance for Eating Disorder Awareness (n.d.) observes, Eating disorders affect five to ten million Americans adolescent girls and women and approximately one million American boys and men. In addition, approximately 70 million individuals in the world struggle with this disorder. In a single person’s lifetime, approximately 450,000 individuals will die because of this terrifying disease. Eating disorders know no race, age, class or gender. They can happen to anyone. Eating disorders have been present in children as young as three years old and in adults as old as ninety. However, typical age of onset is anywhere from 12-18 years of age. Eating disorders often develop in adolescence because it is a time of numerous changes including sexual, physical, and emotional ones. Rachel Bryant-Waugh and Bryan Lask (2004) conclude that with adolescent changes, weight fluctuations often occur and many individuals may not feel ready to handle the differences (p.38). The inability to deal with change during this time often leads to anorexia, bulimia, or compulsive overeating. The American Academy of Family Physicians (2003) states, â€Å"People with anorexia starve themselves, avoid high-calorie foods and exercise constantly.† The person suffering from anorexia is abnormally sensitive about being fat or has a massive fear of becoming fat. Low self esteem and a constant need for acceptance commonly is seen in anorexics. Michel and Willard (2003) contend the most prevalent characteristic with this disorder is reduced calorie intake. The initial need to lose just a few pounds is somewhere forgotten and the cycle of the disorder takes over. Anorexic... ...nab Bryant-Waugh, R. & Lask, B. (2004). Eating disorders: A parent’s guide (Rev. ed.). New York: Brunner-Routledge. Kirkpatrick, J. & Caldwell, P. (2001). Eating disorders: Everything you need to know. Buffalo, NY: Firefly Books. Levine, M. & Maine, M. (2004). Some basic facts about eating disorders. Retrieved April 28, 2005 from http://www.brooklane.org/whitepgs Matthews, D. (Ed.). (2001). Eating disorders sourcebook (1st ed.). Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics. Michel, D. & Willard, S. (2003). When dieting becomes dangerous: A guide to understanding and treating anorexia and bulimia. New haven, CT: Yale University Press. Missouri Department of Mental Health. (n.d.). Eating disorders. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http://www.dmh.missouri.gov/cps/facts/eating.htm Simon-Kumar, R. (2001). Eating disorders. Retrieved May 1, 2005 from http:// www.psychology4all.com/EatingDisorders.htm The Alliance for Eating Disorders Awareness. (n.d.). Eating disorders statistics. Retrieved April 28, 2005, from http://www.1st-eating-disorders.info The American Academy of Family Physicians. (June 2003). Anorexia nervosa. Retrieved April 18, 2005, from http://www.familydoctor.org/063.xml

That Eye, The Sky

Tim Winton’s that eye, the sky (1986) uses first person narrative techniques, symbolism, imagery and characterisation to create the persona of Morton Flack, the narrator and protagonist of the novel. Winton uses Ort’s narration to give the reader insights into the Flack family, the relationships they have and the issues that they face. As Winton develops Ort’s narration the reader is supplied with many symbolic images. The most important symbol and imagery in the novel is the sky.Prior to Henry Warburton entering the life of Ort and educating him about God and religion, Ort sees the sky as an eye which looks over the world and sees everything. Throughout the novel the eye imagery signifies the spirituality and mysticism between Ort and Henry. This essay will analyse how Winton uses the eye imagery to reveal the differences between the two characters by examining Ort’s unyielding faith in a higher force and Henry Warburton’s ever changing relationshi p with God.This paper will also compare the dispositions of both Ort and Henry. To describe the character of Ort and his journey throughout the novel, one may look to both vision/imagination and spirituality. Ort appears to be a very imaginative child who lacks knowledge and education. This is demonstrated in the book through the colloquial language of the text with phrases such as ‘Geez, yeah’ and ‘Yer justa kid’ (p 35 & 36). Ort has visions of an eye in the sky, jewels appearing in the flour jar and bells ringing in the forest.At night Ort sees rabbits’ eyes around the fence line and a mysterious light above the house (Matthew, 1986, p 83), although Winton describes the light as â€Å"a little cloud small and fat like a woolly sheep† (p 51). Nobody else can see these visions. Most of the time Ort keeps these images to himself. Sam and Alice Flack chose to move to the country after getting married so that they can live amongst the trees. The countryside is another strong image in the book which symbolises the true nature of the Flack family and the reason for the natural connection Ort has with the environment (p 62).When Ort identifies the sky as a symbol of God, he is happy to believe that something is watching over his family and protecting them. The novel ends on Easter morning, signifying the resurrection of Christ, but also the rebirth of nature and Sam Flack’s possible return to conscious life. It is because of Ort’s love for his family and relentless faith in God this miracle has occurred (p 150). Ort is pure and therefore has a natural connection with God, and Winton utilises the eye imagery to connect this with Ort.A glimps into Henry Warburton’s character may be found in the incident where he almost became blind but by some fortune he was miraculously healed. That is when Henry first came a believer in God. After this incident Henry stole a bible and became a Christian (p 92). As explaine d by Watson, a Christian is a person who believes in and follows the teachings of Jesus Christ (2000, p 8). Henry preaches only what he has read from the bible, quite like most institutionalised religions.Henry has never had any visions or powerful sense of spirituality. Henry’s sincerity as he ministers to the Flack family, providing spiritual and practical teaching, is evident, but he is always tormented by his past sins (p 141). Henry believes that his sins have harmed his relationship with God (Watson, 200, p 44), and at times Henry attempts to hide from him, â€Å"I hide and you see. I run and you follow† (p 83). Henry seems to have an ambivalent relationship with God.The reason Henry mysteriously arrived at the Flack household was to try and heal Sam. Henry believed that if he provided this selfless act he would be healed and God would give him the ability to truly love (p 141). Henry is a very hypocritical character who tries to give Ort spiritual meaning, yet i s still searching for meaning himself. Everything about Henry seems to be artificial just like his false eye. There are conflicting characteristics between Ort and Henry. Henry’s false eye emphasises Henry as a flawed messenger.He mimics the words of God, just as his eye mimics the eye in the sky, the true eye (p 133). In comparison Ort has a very natural spirituality and is kind hearted, which leads him to be able to see visions. Ort loves his family so much that he has a habit of peeping through windows, cracks and holes in the walls. In Ort’s mind he is just â€Å"Checking on people† (p 24), just like God is like the sky and can see all and hear all, Ort does not know why it will make a difference if a person’s son or brother sees them as well (p 24).Henry only watches people for his own gratification, for example when he crept around watching the Flack family for weeks and Tegwyn swimming in the â€Å"nick† (p 140). The light that Ort envisages throughout this novel represents religion. Although Henry knows all about religion, he does not really practise what he preaches and consequently cannot see the light (p 91). At the end of the novel when Henry and Tegwyn depart and Grammar dies, there are only three people left in the family (p 150), symbolic of the Holy Trinity.This essay has analysed the significance of the eye imagery in Winton’s novel and how the two characters perceive the eye of God and religion. The major revelation in Ort's spiritual growth is his recognition of Henry Warburton's false identity. Ort has grown and learnt enough about religion and life through Henry Warburton's stories and actions to identify what is right and what is wrong. Although Henry's preaching was honest and true, Ort saw that Henry was far from the image he portrayed himself to be.Winton demonstrates through the eye imagery that Henry is more like the orthodox harshness practised by much of the institutionalised religion. In c ontrast, Winton seems to support the more personalised connectedness between individuals and God which is revealed by Ort. Winton is critically revealing the idea that it is important to trust one’s own faith within the Lord, rather than human leaders of religion because, just like Henry, they too can be deceptive and give a flawed interpretation of God’s messages to their followers.

Groom service Essay

Groom service â€Å"and† return â€Å"the protagonist who deal with emotional problems occurred a terrible set of two short stories. These two stories are related to the acceptance, acknowledgment and recognition of common themes. In the† bridegroom services, â€Å"Berner Germany, the protagonist and his hunting skills, ability to survive, but did not dare to pursue his love. he tried to accept from Mary and her family. On the contrary, Kamau’s story â€Å"return† purposes, from accepting a village but detect changes that occur acceptances due to their family and character, the impact of internal and external forces established protagonist, Bernard and Kamau, ultimately not their ideal partner. Bernard and Kamau were living in a poor neighborhood, every family adds an extra burden of the family. Bernard’s mother, Martha, is very strict, her daughter – in – law. Because Doris is nearly 40 years old, she would not have the energy to help with the housework. In addition, Martha is worried Doris gave birth family in old age. According Kamaus parents, Muthoni, Kamau’s wife, is always a good deal Kamau’s parents. Muthoni gave birth to a baby, left the family when Kamau detention camp. She chose to leave, because it is very difficult and tense her care and feeding of the baby is not her husband’s support and help. Therefore, whether the protagonist is lost, mainly because of their financial problems they want to partner. In the tough issues, people find their true love, because they should first prioritize their lives difficult. The two protagonists are very different character in the pursuit of his love aspect. When Martha asked to leave Doris Bernard and Mary married, he immediately took action. Bernard’s relationship is since when he missed his partner so fragile.

Using zeitgeist Coherently

Using zeitgeist Coherently Using zeitgeist Coherently Using zeitgeist Coherently By Maeve Maddox Zeitgeist is one of those lovely German borrowings that packs into a single word a thought that would require several in English. Zeitgeist: [tsÄ «tgÄ «st, zÄ «tgÄ «st] n. The spirit or genius which marks the thought or feeling of a period or age. NOTE: In German, all nouns are capitalized. The OED capitalizes Zeitgeist; Merriam-Webster does not. German Zeit means time and Geist is cognate with our word ghost, which doesnt only mean the spirit of a person who has died, but can also mean an informing spirit, as in the term the Holy Ghost. Coined by Matthew Arnold in the 19th century to put a name on the spirit of social change and uncertainty that characterized the Victorian Age, zeitgeist has crept into the popular vocabulary where it is flung about without much thought as to what it means. A special interest group and Google have co-opted the word to special uses. Zeitgeist is the name attached to a movement launched by a group of social reformers who wish to reallocate world resources under a global government. Google has a statistics function called Zeitgeist that aggregates how often particular topics are searched over time. In the web context, a zeitgeist is an idea or image that is iconic of a particular moment. Some writers use it as a mere synonym for trend, or fad. Some plant it in the (usually) redundant phrase zeitgeist of the moment. Others, perhaps wishing to create a phrase on the model of Oprahs aha moment, talk about a zeitgeist moment. Here are some examples of the questionable use of zeitgeist: If it’s true that a taste for simple rustic dishes is emerging as the culinary zeitgeist of the moment, Trattoria San Pietro is likely to become even more popular than it already is. The Zeitgeist is getting all sticky. (Headline for an article about a trend to use use bees in the production of artwork.) Favorite Zeitgeist Moments (forum thread in which a zeitgeist moment is defined as Just little moments in any song that really grab your attention, even if you dont like the rest of the song its in.) The scoreboard flashed 715, fireworks erupted, the fans celebrated. Braves radio announcer Milo Hamilton famously captured the zeitgeist of the moment†¦ (Hank Aaron hitting his 715th home run)†¨ The only time it might make sense to talk about the zeitgeist of the moment would be in comparing the present age to a previous one, as Stephen Jay Gould does in The Structure of Evolutionary Theory: By contrast, the common themes behind the reformulations defended in this book all follow froma set of integrated approaches that strongly contribute to the Zeitgeist of our moment. Gould is clearly thinking of two Zeitgeists, Darwins and ours: Whatever the contribution of a Victorian Zeitgeist to Darwins thinking, or of a contemporary Zeitgeist to our revisions, the differences are testable Some popular writers do use zeitgeist in the sense of views associated with a particular period of time. Heres a reviewer of romance novels: I’m not sure why there’s this unwillingness to go along with the zeitgeist of the time in which the book was written, but instead to apply today’s standards of fashion or technology or pop culture as markers of timelessness. Stanislav Grof, writing about the biomechanical set designs of H. R. Giger, observes that the zeitgeist of the twentieth century is characterized by staggering technological progress that enslaved modern humanity in an internecine symbiosis with the world of machines. For Matthew Arnold, the 19th century author to whom we owe the term, the zeitgeist is much more than the prevailing world view at a given time in history. Its a force that influences events. A dehumanizing zeitgeist is something to be resisted. The OED gives this illustration of Arnolds first use of the word: I..took up Obermann, and refuged myself with him..against your Zeit Geist. Obermann was a book by French author Etienne Pivert de Senancour (1770-1846). Senancour disliked the trappings of civilization and sought tranquility in nature. Obermann is full of descriptions of Nature and praise of solitude. The quotation in the OED reference is from a letter to Arnolds friend Arthur Clough, who had written a poem that Arnold felt reflected the Victorian zeitgeist. In reading Obermann, Arnold was seeking refuge from a zeitgeist from which he felt alienated. To talk about a sports zeitgeist or a culinary zeitgeist, or a fashion zeitgeist when all one means is trend, is to waste a high-powered word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Definitely use "the" or "a"Used To vs. Use To15 Names and Descriptions of Effects

Challenges Versus Constants Weighing Workplace Opportunities

Challenges Versus Constants Weighing Workplace Opportunities While author and business journalist Suzy Welch warns against complacency in what she calls a professional â€Å"Velvet Coffin,† arguing instead for the importance of taking risks in search of new challenges, writer and employment branding professional John Feldman responds with a more pragmatic point of view. According to Feldman, who describes himself as â€Å"neither an optimist nor a pessimist, but rather a realist,† before taking a plunge into a new career just for the sake of avoiding the ennui of the everyday, you should take stock of the variables and constants of your current position. If you don’t know for sure that another opportunity would provide a better salary, more convivial coworkers, and more challenging work, are you still willing to take the risk, or might it make more sense to trust the constants of the workplace you know? He suggests instead waiting out the inevitable fallow periods where work becomes predictable, or even making your own cha llenges by taking on more responsibilities, earning a new certification, or opening a conversation with your manager about pursuing other opportunities closer to home.Nobody should stay mired in a job that they find unsafe or unsatisfying, but there may be choices besides starting over from scratch that are right for you and your career. Good luck as you consider and pursue them!

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

HRD - Essay Example anagement ensures that the organization has an adequate number of employees to meet the demands of the organization based on ten level, skill and goals of the organization. Human resource management also plays a role in job analysis, where it looks at the specifics of the job and describes the nature of the job, as well as the human requirements that one should have in order to participate in the said job. This is important to the organization as it spells out what any given employee is expected to do as long as he or she is under the employ of the organization, and they gather information for the organization on the employees. The third role is staffing, where human resource management recruits employees after the job is analyzed and human planning are done, in reverse order. Recruiting draws suitable candidates interested in the job and evaluates them for the purpose of meeting the requirements of the job analysis, as well as human resource planning. In this case, human resource pl anning determines the goals and the people required to fulfill the tasks of the organization. With this in mind, job analysis is used to look into the staffing requirements in order for recruitment to occur successfully. In all the three roles discussed above, a number of roles remain affected by the influence of outsourcing and technology. First off, outsourcing affects the human resources planning role in an organization in that foreign organizations or subcontracted companies usually come in to conduct assessment and plan for the organization based on its needs and goals, as well as its power in terms of output. This is also affected by technology in that technology at times influences planning by eliminating the need for employees to fulfill certain tasks. Instead, technology is factored in to take over the roles that are usually conducted by employees leaving the slots redundant for human employment. Another role is affected by outsourcing and technology is staffing, where an

The Legislative Power of the US Congress Case Study

The Legislative Power of the US Congress - Case Study Example On the other hand, the Missouri statute regarding the transport of radioactive materials is also not valid because the transport of radioactive materials concerns US security issues which the federal government (and therefore Congress) has jurisdiction over with. As a matter of fact, it is the Department of Transportation which is delegated with the power to establish the guidelines for the packaging, limits of radioactivity and exposure limits of radioactive materials (Saha 293). Finally, the Missouri statute which imposes a pre-requisite of two-week counseling for marriage licenses issuance is valid because it is not in conflict with congressional legislative powers, current federal laws or is prohibited under s 10 of the US Constitution. Since the said statutes are assailed for their unconstitutionality, the federal courts should have proper jurisdiction over the first case because of it federal enactment, while the second case should be brought before the Missouri Supreme Court s ubject to review by the federal courts (Article 3, US Constitution). However, cases are not yet ripe for court determination because there is no actual legal dispute yet which concerns them (The Jurisdiction of Federal Courts). Ralph may file his case either in a Colorado federal district court or in a Colorado state court since both have concurrent jurisdiction over diversity cases or cases in which the litigants are citizens of different states.

Case study Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case study - Research Paper Example Different from other organizations, medical institutions depend greatly on supplies to carry out their daily operations. According to Toba, Tomasini & Farhan (2008) health care institution cannot exist without supply management systems. Regardless of this compulsory requirement, medical institutions are very backdated in terms of having improved supply management systems. Different from modern day organizations, healthcare organizations lag behind in updating their supply chain management systems. This can be attributed to the fact that world health bodies frequently update the global stock in medical supplies depending on the emerging trends (Toba, Tomasini & Farhan, 2008). Hospitals rely on these changes in ordering of medical supplies. However, the quality of the supplies does not create the main problem in supply chain management, but the activities applied in the supply chain management. The difference in the strategies used in supply chain management creates the difference in t he cost and efficiency of the process (Toba, Tomasini & Farhan, 2008). What was the impact if any of the implementation of the proposed solution on this issue? Disregard of the process of supply chain management creates the main challenge in making the process efficient and quality. To overcome these challenges Toba, Tomasini & Farhan (2008) suggest that managers should update their technological position and emerging trends in supply chain management. This will create an organization with a lot of sensitivity in terms of coming up with effective logistics procedures. Additionally, this will open up opportunities for the organization to refer to supply chain management bodies and programs that will aid in transforming the state of supply management systems in organizations. Other significant challenges in supply chain management in healthcare institutions include outdated IT systems, lack of executive involvement, poor infrastructure, poor distribution and inventory management and n on improvement of the procurement process (Toba, Tomasini & Farhan, 2008). In overcoming challenges in decision making processes regarding purchasing decisions, Toba, Tomasini & Farhan (2008) advise that institutions should disregard the majority rule. This mode of making decisions should be replaced by the consensus method which minimizes the occurrence of misunderstandings and opposition. This also increases the compliance rate from physicians. How do efficiencies in supply chain management and effective use of sourcing and technology reduce hospital costs? What are the alternative solutions to this question? In 2004, total healthcare spending per person in the United States was $6280. This is representation of 16% of the US gross domestic product (Toba, Tomasini & Farhan, 2008). In regard of the total expenses of the United States government this is a big value that can be cut down by simple arithmetic of reducing the expense incurred by medical institutions. Analysts have argued that this inflation in the cost of provision of healthcare of healthcare is greatly attributed to the mishandling of medical service sin institutions. For instance, many analysts have pointed out the fact hospitals disregard the need to upgrade their supply management systems has made funding of medical services expensive (Toba, Tomasini & Farhan, 2008). They further argue that this is inevitable since healthcare instit

Wizard of Oz Analysis Essay

Wizard of Oz Analysis Essay When I was five years old, my family gathered around the T.V. on a snowy Sunday night and watched a special presentation of The Wizard of Oz. Shortly thereafter, I picked up L. Frank Baums The Wonderful Wizard of Oz  [1]  and was hooked. I read every Oz book that I could find at the public library. Nearly twenty years later, I picked up The Wonderful Wizard of Oz again and found a subtle depth which I did not expect, especially through the feminist lens. Both the book and the film are well-suited for a feminist critique because of Dorothy, the female heroine, and other important female characters. While Baums novel presents a relatively progressive view of women, the 1939 MGM adaptation of the book portrays women as weak and best suited for domestic life through the weakening of Dorothy as a character, the emphasis of Dorothys desire to get home, the dream motif, and the elimination of important female characters. The Wizard of Oz is one of the most important cultural texts of the twentieth century. MGMs movie was an instant hit: and, afterward, thanks to annual prime time television showings, more people have seen it than any other motion picture ever made (McClelland 13). The Library of Congress even included The Wizard of Oz with 24 other films that it declared to be national treasures (Rahn 109). Even with the immense popularity, the film was not met with universal critical acclaim when it was released. Raylyn Moore documents that many critics gave the film scathing reviews. She adds her own assessment: Throughout, the production seesaws alarmingly between the sentimental and the grotesque, the very pitfalls Baum so scrupulously avoided in his first Oz book (Moor 90). Like the film, Baums novel has received its fair share of criticism. Suzanne Rahn chronicles the history of the books reception throughout the century following its publishing. Most people wouldnt hesitate to call [The Wonderful Wizard of Oz] a classic of American childrens literature. Yet if a childrens classic can be defined as a book that is admired by critics and loved by children, then [The Wonderful Wizard of Oz] belongs in a peculiar category of its own. Enthusiastically received by the first reviewers, the Oz books fell into such disfavor with childrens librarians 30 years later that they were systematically purged from library collections. [. . .] Then, in the 1970s, the pendulum swung again. The last 20 years have seen a renewed acceptance and appreciation of the Oz books, accompanied by critical analyses from the full gamut of perspectives-political, economic, spiritual, feminist, and psychological. The MGM film version of The Wizard, too, has received careful study and increasing respect. Yet reservations are still expressed; while no one today would deny the cultural importance of The Wizard, its quality as literature remains somewhat in doubt. (12) As Rahn illustrates, even works that have dubious literary merit often merit scholarly analysis. Arguably, the diversity of critical perspectives applied to the study of the text and film in the scholarly community speak to the value of the works as art forms. Regardless of any particular readers or viewers personal response to the film or the text, both have shown sufficient cultural influence to deserve closer scrutiny. Both the novel and the film lend themselves extremely well to a feminist examination of the texts. While it may seem odd to apply feminist theory to childrens literature, gender issues are often blatantly represented. As Lizbeth Goodman writes, If we take a [. . .] look at some of the most popular childrens story books, we can quickly see that gender inequalities are represented there (16). Goodman also notes that our first experiences with language often come through the medium of childrens books and that these books can have a powerful impact on how we conceptualize the world around us (16). Additionally, the life of Frank Baum strongly suggests the appropriateness of a feminist reading. Baum was a vigorous political supporter of the womens suffrage movement (Dighe 6). His wife also came from a family of womens rights activists. Her mother even wrote a book about the history of the suffrage movement (Moore 50). It is apparent in Baums Oz books that he consciously deals with gender roles. Baums sequel to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a blatant satire of certain strands of the womens suffrage movement (Huebel 35). S.J. Sackett examines [Ozs] value system and detail and sees there respect for individual freedom and nonconformity, the absence of militarism, equality of the sexes, [etc.] (Rahn 20). But perhaps the most compelling reason to look at feminism in both the book and the film is the preeminence of female characters (Moore 119). While both the novel and the film have many of the same important female characters, the film systematically portrays a more oppressive and sexist vision of women than Baum does in the original text. This is evidenced, most obviously, through the portrayal of Dorothy. In the novel, Dorothy is portrayed as a very strong, brave, resourceful six-year-old. Moore gives the following description: To the Wizards thundering I am Oz the Great and Terrible . . , she firmly replies, I am Dorothy, the Small and Meek . . , but she is not really meek any more than the Wizard is really terrible. Faced with getting back home to Kansas, she sets about it with implacable determination. And when the Wizard makes it a condition of his helping her that she destroy the second witch, she sets out immediately to do it, even though she does not want to destroy anyone or anything. (154) Dorothy is also very independent. She meets adults like the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins who cannot help her, but she continues on her journey. In the book, it is her idea to wear the shoes (silver, not ruby-red) as she travels because she figures that they do not run the risk of wearing out (Rahn 58-59). Additionally, Rahn illustrates how Dorothy serves as an Everyman for children to follow: [. . .] Dorothy is not merely an Everyman but a model for children to emulate. [. . .] She is sensible, friendly, helpful, brave without being foolhardy, deeply attached to her friends and family, and resolute in pursuing her goals. She does not change dramatically in the course of the journey, for this is not the course of someone who badly needs to change (like Bilbo in The Hobbit or Mary Lennox in The Secret Garden) but a story of self discovery, in which Dorothy comes to realize her own potential by the journeys end. In this interpretation, the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodman, and the Cowardly Lion represent not only the friends we all need to help us on our way but also the qualities Baum felt were most essential for the traveler-qualities that Dorothy is to find within herself. (57) Dorothy is the true heroine in the novel. She is the one who holds the band of travelers together. She is a very strong female character throughout the text, notwithstanding periodic moments of weakness. In the MGM adaptation, however, Dorothy is portrayed as a weaker character with moments of strength. Arthur Freed, who worked on the film, had a lot to say in the conscientious decision to weaken Dorothys character. Michael Hearn writes in his introduction to the screenplay: But the chief weakness so far, according to Freed, was the lack of a solid and dramatic drive of Dorothys adventures and purposes that will keep the audience rooting for her throughout her trip to Oz. Freed [. . .] demanded that Dorothy have a deep-rooted psychological need back home that would justify her actions in Oz. [. . .] There she is motivated by her generosity to help everyone first before her little orphan heart cries out for what she wants most of all (the love of Aunt Em)-which represents to her the love of a mother she never knew. [. . .] Consequently Dorothy in the film became far more weepy than Baums practical, determined girl from Kansas. (12) Judy Garlands portrayal of Dorothy is considerably more helpless than Baums character. In the film, Dorothy is held a helpless prisoner by the Wicked Witch of the West. She can do nothing for herself until her male friends, the Scarecrow, Lion, and Tin Woodman come to save her as she sobs. When Dorothy defeats the witch, it is because she accidentally douses her with water while trying to splash Scarecrow. The book portrays a much stronger and proactive heroine. Baum has the Scarecrow helplessly scattered across the land, the Tin Woodman dashed to the bottom of a rocky ravine, and the Lion helplessly harnessed in her courtyard. Dorothy engineers her own escape by purposefully throwing water onto the witch. While Dorothy did not know this would kill the witch, her subsequent actions show her as a brave heroine. Moore helps to interpret Dorothys actions. In a struggle over Dorothys magic shoes, of which the wicked sorceress knows the worth while Dorothy does not, [. . .] that water is spilled over the girls enemy, who is at the time also her captress. The witch promptly melts away Like Brown sugar before her very eyes. But practical, self-reliant Dorothy is not one to waste time in pointless hysteria. . . . The Witch fell down in a brown, melted, shapeless mass and began to spread over the clean boards of the kitchen floor. Seeing that she had really melted away to nothing, Dorothy drew another bucket of water and threw it over the mess. She then swept it all out the door. After picking out the silver shoe, which was all that was left of the old woman, she cleaned and dried it with a cloth and put it on her foot again. (154) Dorothy then proceeds to free the Lion and orchestrate the rescue of the Scarecrow and Tin Woodman (109-111). Dorothy is unequivocally the hero in Baums novel. Additionally, Dorothy is further weakened as the dominant female character in the film by her exaggerated desire to return home. While the book contains this same motivation and even includes the phrase, Theres no place like home, this becomes a dominant motif in the movie. As Harmetz explains: Dorothys urgent desire to get home was a part of L. Frank Baums book. (Understandably, since in the book, unlike the movie, the cyclone that picked her up was not fulfilling any wish on her part.) But the movie, by design, inscribed that theme with a hatchet. Be it ever so humble, theres no place like home was a truism and a moral lesson on which L.B. Mayer, Mervyn LeRoy, and Arthur Freed wholeheartedly agreed. (298) Because the movie purposefully portrays Dorothy as trying to escape her Kansas farm, her insistence that she return home as soon as possible sends an even stronger message: women leaving the home is a mistake, and while it may lead to colorful adventures, women are happiest when they are at home. This message is hammered in at the end of the film when Glinda explains to Dorothy why she didnt tell her about the shoes at the beginning. Because she wouldnt have believed me. She had to learn it for herself. At this point, the Tin Man asks, What have you learned, Dorothy? Dorothys response is revealing. Well, I . . .think that it . . . that it wasnt enough just to want to see Uncle Henry and Auntie Em . . . and its that if I ever go looking for my hearts desire again, I wont look any further than my own backyard; because if it isnt there, I never really lost it to begin with! Is that right? Glinda replies, Thats all it is (Hearn 128). The reason that Glinda didnt help Dorothy in the first place is because Dorothy didnt yet understand that her place is in the home. The film sends the clear message that true happiness for women lies in the domestic realm. Baum in his books, however, creates a place for Dorothy both in Kansas and in repeated visits to the Land of Oz. Additionally, the good witch at the beginning of the book doesnt tell Dorothy about the charm of the shoes because she, herself, does not realize the charm; she does not intend to teach Dorothy a lesson. The biggest change made in the film adaptation from the book also serves to entrench this anti-feminist mindset. In the book, Dorothys trip to Oz is very real. The house is actually carried away. When Dorothy returns, Uncle Henry and Aunt Em are surprised to see her. They have already built the new farm house to replace the old one (154). This realness of Dorothys experience in a different world is what makes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz a fantasy. The film effectively eliminates the elements of fantasy from their text, changing the fantastical experience, instead, to a psychological dream. The writers reasoned that, you cannot put fantastic people in strange places in front of an audience unless they have seen them as human beings first (Harmetz cit. in Rahn 124). This decision invalidates Dorothys entire experience in Oz. Rahn describes the critical response, saying: Most critics-and nearly every child who sees the movie-agree that the worst mistake was to explain away Dorothys adventures and Oz itself as a dream. As art, says Harmetz, The movie is flawed by its sentimentality, by its cheerful insistence that east, west, home is best, and by the decision to void Dorothys experience by making it into a dream (229). [. . .] Whatever the film may have suggested about the power of dreams and aspirations, the journey through life, or the discovery of ones own potential is effectively invalidated by this ending. (124) In a sense, Dorothys journey and watered down accomplishments become a counterfeit. The viewer has no reason to believe that Dorothy could survive outside of Kansas in the real world. Additionally, the dream viewed as an expression of Dorothys psyche presents an even more damning view to the potential of women to be strong and solve their problems. Nathanson suggests that a psychoanalytic approach is appropriate in dealing with The Wizard of Oz. It seems clear that The Wizards dream sequence can be interpreted psychoanalytically in terms of growing up (78). When we look at the dream from this perspective, it is clear that the central conflict shifts from Oz in Baums novel to Kansas in the film. Dorothy is not really struggling against witches, flying monkeys, and an incompetent wizard. She is struggling against Mrs. Gulch who wants to take her dog and her desire to escape the dreariness of the Kansas farm. Hence, fight for her independence and the fight for Toto become the two main conflicts in the film. In regards to the first, her dream serves to convince her to stay at home in the domestic role prepared for her by Aunt Em who even tries to keep her from coming near the pig pen, let alone the outside world. In her struggle with Mrs. Gulch, Dorothys victory is fleeting. While the movie ends with Dorothy in possession of Toto, Mrs. Gulch still has the sheriffs order and legal recourse to have Toto put to sleep. In this sense, Dorothys subconscious desire to stay in the domestic confines of the farm is so great that she sacrifices her love for Toto. Where Dorothy is unquestionably victorious in the book and gains strength and wisdom, the films portrayal of her experience as a dream leaves her the ideal woman: a more submissive, ineffectual version of herself. Finally, the films elimination of important female characters from the book devalues the contributions of women in Oz. In the book, there are initially four witches: two good and two bad. The movie condenses the characters of the two good witches into one good witch Glinda. In the book, there is a queen of the mice who plays a critical role in helping the travelers achieve their goals. She is completely omitted from the film. Finally, there is a female stork who rescues Scarecrow from a river. Dighe contends that the stork is symbolic for Baums support of the womens suffrage movement (74). While the elimination of these important female characters arguably gives the film needed directionality, it severely limits the number of major female characters, shifting the balance of power towards the men in the film. The three remaining female main characters all paint an anti-feminist picture. Dorothy, as discussed, is a weakened heroine who sacrifices her dreams and battles for domestic lif e. The Wicked Witch of the West is the only female character who is powerful in the movie and in the real world of Kansas. Ironically, she is portrayed as the stereotypical strong woman: unnatural and evil. Glinda, the one good witch, is the only major character who does not represent an actual person from Kansas. The implication is that women who are powerful and good are imaginary; they do not exist in reality. While the popularity of The Wizard of Oz both in text and film amongst readers and viewers of all ages is almost uncontested, the quality of each of works of art remains debatable. It is clear, however, that gender issues permeate both the novel and the film. While L. Frank Baums book is not the model of feminist equality judged by modern standards, it portrays a world in which good and powerful women exist and where determined and resourceful little girls can accomplish extraordinary things. He illustrates that there is a place for women in both the world of the home and in the world outside the home, just as there are for men. Even though the film was released 39 years after the publication of the novel, its adaptation represents a regressive approach to gender equality through its portrayal of Dorothy, its glorification of domestic life for women, its representation of Oz as a dream, and its elimination of key women from the novel. Which raises the question: why, in our society, s o progressive concerning gender and gender roles, are we still so drawn to MGMs backward film?

Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political Ramifications of Med

Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political Ramifications of Media Consolidation I.INTRODUCTION In 1996, Congress passed the Telecommunications Act thereby lifting restrictions on media ownership that had been in place for over sixty years (Moyers 2003; Bagdikian 2000: xviii). It was now possible for a single media company to own not just two radio stations in any given local market, but eight. On the national level, there was no longer any limit on the number of stations a company could own – the Act abandoned the previous nation-wide ownership cap of forty stations (20 FM and 20 AM). This â€Å"anti-regulatory sentiment in government† has continued and in 2004 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved a new rule that would allow corporations to own â€Å"45 percent of the media in a single market, up from [the] 35 percent† established by the 1996 Act (Croteau & Hoynes 2001: 30; AFL-CIO 2004). Companies can now also own both a newspaper and a television station in the same city (AFL-CIO 2004). This deregulation has led to a frenzied wave of mergers – most notably the Viacom/CBS merger in 1999, the largest in history (Croteau & Hoynes 2001: 21). Ownership of the media has rapidly consolidated into fewer and fewer hands as companies have moved to gobble up newspapers, television stations, and radio stations across the country. Perhaps no other company has benefited more from this deregulation than the company which is the focus of this essay – Clear Channel Communications, Inc (CC). The Telecommunications Act and the actions of the FCC paved the way for the rise of this radio industry behemoth. In 1995, the company owned 43 radio stations nationwide. By 2002, it owned 1,239, making it the largest radio company in th... ...in Dubious Times. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. McChesney, Robert W. and John Nichols. 2002. Our Media, Not Theirs: The Democratic Struggle Against Corporate Media. New York: Seven Stories Press. Moyers, Bill. 2003. â€Å"Transcript: Bill Moyers Interviews Larry Klayman.† NOW: With Bill Moyers, July 11. Retrieved November 4, 2004 (http://www.pbs.org/now/printable/transcript_clearc_print.html). Open Secrets. 2004. â€Å"TV/Radio Stations: Top Contributors to Federal Candidates and Parties.† Retrieved October 7, 2004 (http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/contrib.asp?Ind=C2100). Spivak, Laurie. 2004. â€Å"Culture War May find WMD.† Retrieved October 2, 2004 (http://www.alternet.org/story/18090). Turner, Ted. 2003. â€Å"Monopoly of Democracy?† The Washington Post, May 30. Retrieved October 28, 2004 (http://washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A56132-2003May29?language=printer). Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political Ramifications of Med Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political Ramifications of Media Consolidation I.INTRODUCTION In 1996, Congress passed the Telecommunications Act thereby lifting restrictions on media ownership that had been in place for over sixty years (Moyers 2003; Bagdikian 2000: xviii). It was now possible for a single media company to own not just two radio stations in any given local market, but eight. On the national level, there was no longer any limit on the number of stations a company could own – the Act abandoned the previous nation-wide ownership cap of forty stations (20 FM and 20 AM). This â€Å"anti-regulatory sentiment in government† has continued and in 2004 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved a new rule that would allow corporations to own â€Å"45 percent of the media in a single market, up from [the] 35 percent† established by the 1996 Act (Croteau & Hoynes 2001: 30; AFL-CIO 2004). Companies can now also own both a newspaper and a television station in the same city (AFL-CIO 2004). This deregulation has led to a frenzied wave of mergers – most notably the Viacom/CBS merger in 1999, the largest in history (Croteau & Hoynes 2001: 21). Ownership of the media has rapidly consolidated into fewer and fewer hands as companies have moved to gobble up newspapers, television stations, and radio stations across the country. Perhaps no other company has benefited more from this deregulation than the company which is the focus of this essay – Clear Channel Communications, Inc (CC). The Telecommunications Act and the actions of the FCC paved the way for the rise of this radio industry behemoth. In 1995, the company owned 43 radio stations nationwide. By 2002, it owned 1,239, making it the largest radio company in th... ...in Dubious Times. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. McChesney, Robert W. and John Nichols. 2002. Our Media, Not Theirs: The Democratic Struggle Against Corporate Media. New York: Seven Stories Press. Moyers, Bill. 2003. â€Å"Transcript: Bill Moyers Interviews Larry Klayman.† NOW: With Bill Moyers, July 11. Retrieved November 4, 2004 (http://www.pbs.org/now/printable/transcript_clearc_print.html). Open Secrets. 2004. â€Å"TV/Radio Stations: Top Contributors to Federal Candidates and Parties.† Retrieved October 7, 2004 (http://www.opensecrets.org/industries/contrib.asp?Ind=C2100). Spivak, Laurie. 2004. â€Å"Culture War May find WMD.† Retrieved October 2, 2004 (http://www.alternet.org/story/18090). Turner, Ted. 2003. â€Å"Monopoly of Democracy?† The Washington Post, May 30. Retrieved October 28, 2004 (http://washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A56132-2003May29?language=printer).

Points for Great Expectations Essay

Within Great Expectations, the conception of the contextual element concerning status and money is prominent, where Old Money Vs New money provides a division that separates the higher class from the lower class. Money becomes a standpoint in ‘determining’ ones belonging within the society say, for example, when we compare Pip and Bentley Drummele, we view the contrasting forms of old money (indicated as immediate and absolute according to society) and new money (the development of belonging, which according to society, is not a complete form) involving their overall sense of belonging. Pip comes from a family (or lack of thereof) which is associated with poverty and the lack of social belonging that is standardised by people such as Bentley Drummele. Pips ascent from the world of a blacksmith towards a world of a gentleman is exercised by the luxuries of money, and Magwitch’s generosity, as well as the idea of upperclass and middle class belonging, which is shown through his consideration of being the apprentice of a blacksmith, ‘Never has that cutain dropped so heavy and thick’. His belonging, as a result as become enforced upon him, both by himself and by Magwitch, which has led to his inability to gain complete acceptance and peace of his position, ‘It felt very sorrowful and strange that this first night of my bright fortunes should be the loneliest I had ever known’. Dickens use of emotive language envelopes an atmosphere of uncertainty and disturbance within Pips world as he propels himself from the ‘meshes’ of Kent to London, examining his incomplete sense of belonging, due to disturbance of the ‘Victorian Great chain of Being’. Money can buy status, as indicative through Compeyson and Drummle, but neither character is noble. Money is not an indication of character, as wrongly perceived by Pip. Pip and Estella, parts of what make the lower class, are given status when given money. Given by Miss Havisham and Magwitch, there are catches involving behaving in a certain way with the money. Eventually, understanding the true comprehension of money and nobility, Pip goes to work with Herbert, redeeming himself through commerce and hard work, as Estella, left poor and ‘bent and broken’, becomes a softer and stronger person. Pip fails emotionally and physically to assert his place in London’s society. Money buys Estella a place in higher society but has a loveless life and an abusive marriage, living through ‘wretched years†¦ and a long hard time’. Miss Havisham’s jewels and money have not brought Estella happiness, and eluded her for her whole life. Dickens attempts not to convey the luxuries of money, but rather the shallow fundamentalism of materialism which ultimately leads to an incapacity to gain belonging. Pip finds his belonging, not within the realms of his gentlemanly character, but rather, he reconnection to Joe as he re-enters the forge, leaving his regret and misery behind to venture to his real family, and a life of working hard. Through emotive language, Pip and joe are ‘both happy’, with the prospect of regaining Pip’s place within his world, as it is through Kent, and his hard work in Egypt which enable him to gain his exisential belonging and his identity. We see the social division between class through the discourse between Herbert and Mr Joe. Unlike Pip, Herbert was ‘born a gentleman’, whose belonging was not significantly thrust upon him in the same way as Pip. By asking Joe ‘What do you say to coffee’ we are compelled to develop a conclusion based on how Dickens portrays the distinguishing characteristics of the upper and the lower class. In Joe’s visit to London for Pip, Herbert puts Joe in his place through recognising that he can never truly belong within the world of the gentleman. Through colour symbolism, Dickens socially comments on the inferiority concerning the lower class, by Joe, as the colour of coffee itself is reminiscent of the labour and physical hard work that he, as well as others within his class, must face and never escape. On the contrary, Herbert positions himself as well as Pip (with irony indeed) to be more superior and valued through their associations with tea, as its clear iridescence becomes a representation of the ‘purity’ embedded within the views of the higher class. Joe’s inability to have tea is a symbol of his inability to join the higher class, simply because his place lies within the forge ,’I am wrong in these clothes and out of the forge’. By first person, he regards himself as a single entity, as he reflects on his existential belonging within Kent, where unlike Pip, Joe finds that he does not need to be of a higher class in order to gain belonging. What has driven Pip to consistently live a life of misery has led Joe to stray away from it. Unlike Pip, Joe affirms his place within the Victorian era, as being ‘Joe the Blacksmith, there, at the old anvil, sticking to the old work’, where he constructs himself in absolute terms to his blue collar existence, enabling him to belong amongst other things. Totally at home in the forge, with his bare essentials of food and shelter, Joe has found the place to which he belongs to. This is emphasised through his use of black smith jargon, ‘life is made up of ever so many partings welded together. One man’s a blacksmith and one’s a white smith and one’s a goldsmith and one’s a coppersmith’, where Joe describes the inevitability of belonging, regardless of whether one longs to belong to a particular sector or not. Joes mentality involving the development of belonging regardless of circumstance allows him to ‘perfectly’ weld in his own home. Rather than attempting to shape his own belonging, he leaves it be. Victorian England had a distinct class system, which was divided into categories which divided the upper class with the lower class. Transitioning himself from the lower class sector to the upper class, Pip has brought along the social pressures that are associated with his change into becoming a gentleman, and as a result, employed a servant called the avenger. The avenger plays no useful role in Pip’s life, other than to portray the idealistic views of what a gentleman should do, ‘which had a more expensive and a less remunerative appearance ‘. Pip’s own expectations involves the conception that money will bring acceptance, and ultimately, belonging, which is examined through his use of the avenger. The Avenger becomes an allusion for Pip’s vengeance against the higher class, whose belonging is based off the social mandates within the era. Romanticized by social perceptions, Pip has a misconceived idea on the brad picture of belonging to the gentlemanly class, ‘I want to be a gentleman’ meaning that he has a narrow idea that it is merely based on how much money and status that is earned. He believes that, if he becomes a gentleman, he will be Estella’s equal and obvious partner. This changes gradually, as Pip gains a familiarity of the range of people in London’s gentlemanly society, he begins to realise that belonging to such a group is not what he wants anymore. London At the time Dickens has written Great Expectations, London was a fast-growing and changing city of two million. Dickens uses London as an indictment of the flawed perceptions concerning belonging in regards to the higher class, as its physical description suggests that financial improvement and higher social class does not necessarily constitute moral, social and existential mprovement. Pip’s initial perception of London being the ‘foundation’ of his belonging is severely counteracted by what he views in reality. Through descriptive language, Pip examines London as ‘the dingiest collection of shabby buildings ever squeezed together in rank corner’. Rather than escaping from the doomed life of Kent, Pip has entered the damned life of London, which is fu rther reinforced by Wemmick’s claim ‘ Like is the same everywhere’. This epitomises the lack of change involving his belonging, as fate has provided a standard to which he is capable to obtain belonging, rather than forcing it upon himself, which eventually lead to his misery, and his failure to emotionally develop a connection to his own identity, leaving him as a wondering, ‘souless’ entity with a lack of human spirit. England Moreover, England as a whole also becomes a representation of the decay which pervades the Victorian society and their entire sense of belonging, as money and class becomes corrupting. This is examined through Mrs Pocket, who reflects the ideas which radiate from the upper class, the epicentre of London, as she is portrayed to be the ‘female gentleman’, having a useless life filled with self importance and ‘dignity’. Dickens uses her as a criticism on England’s obsession with titles in their class system, as she becomes so caught up with the idea of titles and class that she spends her whole day reading a book about them. Mrs Pocket is evidently disappointed by her own lot in life, even though she does not endure the same struggles as ,say, Biddy, by having almost no household duties and a good man for a husband. Being so caught up within her class system, as her grandfather is a knight, Mrs Pocket is oblivious to what is actually going on around her, preventing her from being the ‘Victorian’ mother, which foreshadows Pips future of laziness and moral decay. Through indignant language ‘am I grand papa’s granddaughter, to be nothing in the house? ’ she uses her belonging to her past as justification to her negligent ill-considered actions as a mother, which reflects her and England’s corruption through social class. Treatment of children In an era such as the Industrial revolution, the treatment of children differentiates from the modern era, which makes it a distinguishable component throughout the novel. The treatment of children becomes a social comment that Dickens attempts to elucidate, as the characters predicament becomes reminiscent of his own childhood miseries of working pasting labels on pots of boot blacking. By reflecting the struggle of all children who underwent suffering through labour, Dickens illustrates the enforced belonging of children towards the adult world, and how they are perceived by adults. This is examined through Pip, who is a shadow of Dickens character in his youth, where surrounded by adults, becomes criticised and scorned for something he cannot help, ‘What is detestable in a pig more detestable in a boy’. Through metaphor, Pip is likened to an entity that is worse than a pig, recollecting the distinct differences between the adult world, and the world of a child which has been forced into it. This is further emphasised through Mrs Joe’s treatment towards Pip. The repetitious ‘Brought you up by hand’, brings forth an indication on how children were physically abused, which becomes another motivation for Pip to leave the clutches of Mrs Joe and Kent into the ‘freedom’ of London. This is further emphasised through the appearance of the ‘tickler’ a wax-ended cane stick which Mrs joe uses to abuse Pip with. It appears that the era encourages such actions towards a child, due to the fact that they are shown as more vulnerable, weaker, and inferior, representing the lack of belonging children have within the era. Time The attachment towards a particular time, more specifically in the past and what lies there, possesses a different sense of belonging which may not even be fabricated within the decayed web of its lies. This is expressed through the character Miss Havisham, where her hold towards the past defines her belonging and identity, or rather, lack of thereof. Miss Havisham is a character who has been left at the altar by her fiancee Compeyson, and from this circumstance, attaches to it for the remainder of her life. Constantly holding on to her grief, as it becomes the only way she can deal with the harsh miseries of being unloved, she grows with the constant reminder that she has been abandoned and left behind, as it is examined by the appearance of the house. The satis (which is latin for enough, a symbol of the intellectual upper class) becomes a physical representation of the stagnant state of belonging Miss Havisham attempts to clutch on to with her bony ittle fingers. The transcendence of this belonging from matrimonious ( as it depicts her wedding day) to decayed is further illustrated by Dickens use of descriptive language ‘Bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white’. Pip’s initial impression of Miss Havisham draws from her appearance, classifying her as ‘pure’ and chaste, like an angel, which changes later on, as he sees her once, pure appearance changing into a ‘faded and yellow’ exterior. Her wedding dress is a symbol of the belonging which becomes diseased over time, as she finds herself in a predicament which prevents her from shifting her belonging according to her present, and rather, holding on to her past. Miss Havisham desperately wants to belong to one thing: her sad status as an aggrieved bride. This is further enhanced through descriptive language of what lies within the satis house as ‘I saw speckled legged spiders with blotch bodies running home to it†¦ Black beetles took no notice of the agitation’, which illustrates the creation of a mental and physical prision. Her environment becomes a constant reminder of the moment she was jilted, and it is derived from that moment which costumes her with an ugly sense of belonging, Wemmick The contrasting forms of belonging expounds from the different perspectives that permeate through their characters. We see that Wemmcks belonging is dependent on the place he lies in. Within London, he embeds the values of London belonging which evolves around business and finance, closing himself to emotion where his mouth is likened to a ‘post box’. We see that he becomes hardened, enclosed by the London shell, as he denounces whatever emotion that characterises a human being, and ironically earns his belonging through his emotional detachment. However, in Walworth, we view the transitioning character from one who is denied emotion to one whom expressed it. Wemmck has constructed his belonging through building his house to replicate a castle, as a means of creating a retreat away from the law office. The house connotates a true home, a warm place where a contented family creates a fulfilling sense of belonging.. Wemmick’s gentleness and love towards his father is reminiscent on how Pip should behave to Joe. Through descriptive language, Pip describes its atmosphere as ‘a pretty pleasure-ground’, which differs from the chaotic and dismal places of London, Satis house, and his descriptions of his childhood places; places which Pip yearns to belong to. Dickens implements warm and positive words creates a contrast between these two worlds; One which characterises familial belonging and the other which characterises social belonging. Estella Estella is the adopted daughter of Miss Havisham, whom has raised her for her own motivations. Another way of ‘dealing’ with her grief, Havisham employs Estella as a pawn for her vengeance, characterising and moulding Estella in order to suit Miss Havisham’s desires. In the midst of her own self destruction, Miss Havisham uses Estella to create a belonging need in all men who see her, a need so great that they will be destroyed by what they cannot have. Thus, the lack of existential belonging which is examined through Estella has become a work of miss Havisham’s ‘art’, as Estella states ‘We are not free to follow our own devices, you and I’. In her discourse with Pip, she uses inclusive language, as Estella relates her predicament with Pip by defining her instructions for the day and how they must not deviate from them. The statement, however, is a projection of how both of their lives are controlled in general. Estella is not free ‘to follow her own devices’ not only because Miss Havisham is her adoptive mother and she should do as she says, but because Estella has been raised to actually think, feel and act exactly as Miss Havisham wishes. In raising Estella, Miss Havisham has created a puppet, an individual who indeed cannot choose her own destiny nor character because she will act the way she has been conditioned to act. Miss Havisham’s divisive actions have deprived Pip and Estella from belonging to each other. This becomes a demonstration of he ‘forced’ belonging between Miss Havisham and Estella, revealing her real intentions of using Estella as a pawn in her vengeance, as well as the lack of love Estella has grown to possess. In the end of the novel, Her transition is illustrated through her language, ‘Be as good and considerate to me as you were, and tell me we are friends’. The once abrasive disposition which she conveys throughout the novel has altered in accordance to the miseries experienced by Miss Havisham and her marriage to Bentley Drummelle and years of suffering have forced her to see the value in Pip’s constant love and attention. Estella’s change in language from a biting tone to a softened one examines a softer, older and a much wiser character. Estella becomes the stimulant which drives Pip’s longing to become a gentleman. After Pip’s initial encounter with Estella in the Satis house, Pip becomes insecure about his speech, manners and appearance. Estella’s scorns and disdainful comments ‘what coarse hands he has, and what thick boots’, Pip begins to revaluate his current predicament and his future. His reappraisals enable him to think differently about himself, Kent, and his social status, as Pip develops a longing to lose his ignorance whilst improving himself educationally and socially, in order to win the love of Estella. Through repetition, ‘She had said I was common, and I knew that I was common, and that I wished I was not common’, Dickens emphasises the state of Pip’s mind, and the association of his new awareness and dislike of the ‘common’ belonging that he has been born into. As a result, he embarks on a journey to acquire snobbery through his becoming a gentleman, which is further induced by the arrival of his ‘great expectations’, and his transition to London, leading him to drop his old friends (Joe, Biddy) and pursue new, although occasionally pretentious acquaintances (with the exception of Herbert). Magwitch Magwitch yearns to find belonging in the same manner that Pip yearns to become a gentleman, being considerate that both these characters have not been exposed to these romantic conceptions. Magwitch’s life ‘in jail and out of jail’, consisted of a childhood memory which has been befitted with misery, as he ventures a life of slight criminality through his occupations, such as his association with Compeyson, which consequently lead to his time in jail (14 years). Belonging to a criminal society is all Magwitch has ever known before he meets Pip, yet he constantly finds himself in circumstances which are against the law. This is further examined through his trip to London to visit the new ‘expected’ gentlemen that is Pip, when previously, he was given specific instructions not to enter it with the consequence of execution. Magwitch further attempts to construct his belonging through building up Pip to become a gentleman, which is examined by his use of repetition, ‘That’s a gentleman I hope’, as he attempts to create belonging within an artificial family. Similar to Miss Havisham, Pip’s belonging has been moulded to suit Magwitch. His time in New South Wales being a drover as earned his belonging, which he fails to attempt to transfer it to Pip. However, Magwitch’s endeavours of gaining belonging have not been futile in the end, as Pip offers Magwitch it through telling him that Estella is his daughter. Through emotive language, we are exposed to the final conversation which has taken place between Pip and Magwitch, As Pip Tells Magwitch that Estella is his daughter, ‘She lived and found powerful friends. She is living now. She is a lady and very beautiful. And I love her’, ultimately, giving Magwitch the sense of belonging which he has sought throughout his whole life yet never received.